The Occult
Many people believe the occult is something evil and sinister, which may well be the case in some corners of the many beliefs that make up the occult.
The word "Occult" is a word to describe 'The Hidden' or "The 'Unseen' It comes from the Latin word "Occultus" it is used to describe spiritual knowledge that is hard to know. the word occult is not much different from the word "Paranormal" which is a word that means anything that has not yet been explained by science. For instance the idea that the earth was not the centre of the universe was considered "The Occult" just five hundred years or so ago by the church, and such a belief then might have got you burned at the stake.
The modern fashionable term "Occult" is used a lot to slander others of different religious beliefs and backgrounds. Its used to give someone’s beliefs or practices an evil or sinister reputation. "The Occult" in reality can be used to describe any practice of any religion that science can not yet understand, or refuses to accept because religion, or God, or the after life, or supernatural has not yet been proven by mainstream science and therefore remains the Paranormal.
The word "Cult" does not have any connection to the word "Occult". A Cult means a group that has ideologies that are based around the control of others, both psychologically and physically, so that members will commit complete allegiance to their leaders or leader. Cult groups that seek to control others and gain members by promising them things such as "Enlightenment" or "A ticket into heaven" if they believe without question certain things that the cult leader tells them to believe in, so cults could be based around any religion.
People involved in the magical forms of the occult are less likely to be involved in cults, as much of occult thought teaches spiritual freedom, meaning people should think for themselves, and not follow others, and are encouraged to investigate life’s mysteries themselves.
Many religious fundamentalists today throw buzz words around like "CULT" to make others look bad, not knowing it is them in fact that are involved in cult like behaviours, but cant see it, because cult beliefs are strongly associated by brainwashing and extreme beliefs that defy logic or common sense.
Any type of ritual, be it Christian, Pagan, Catholic, Islamic, Jewish can be considered "occultism" but unfortunately some people use the word today as a means of trying to make others look evil and sinister, as things like Hollywood movies and story books have given the word "Occult" an evil light.
For instance Witchcraft is often classed as the occult, which it is, but many mistake it as "Devil Worship" Witchcraft has its origins in ancient practices that stem back thousands of years, long before "The Devil" was even invented by the Judaic scholars . Pagans do not believe in Satan, as that is a Christian belief, not a Pagan one. Although the church over time has based their Satan image around the image of some Pagan deities, such as Pan and Cerunnos, to further demonise Paganism.
Anyone thinking of becoming involved in any type of occult practices, be it Christian, Pagan or other wise, should do their home work first, and make their own decision on whether its right for them or not. Doing anything in life that is not completely understood, or is still the unknown has its dangers, and should not be taken lightly. The moment you cross the line into dangerous ground is when you start to use the energies and emotions within you to harm others, so always keep in mind freedom of belief for all, and to judge only on peoples actions, not their beliefs themselves if they are kept personal and don’t harm people, or cause them to hate or to fear.
With anything in life, what goes around will come around. When it comes to the occult, as long as you remember that no ones free will should be manipulated, and you feel comfortable with it, then your on the right path.
Like just about anything in life, "The Occult" has a good and a bad side, its what the user chooses to do with it that determines on whether it is a good or bad thing.
DIFFERENT PAGAN PATHS
Here are some paths, most of which have got some connection to ancient times from many different cultures from around the world. Paganism is basically an umbrella term to describe religious paths that were before Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Its a title given to describe the old religions that were based on nature worship. 'Pagan' in Latin means "country dweller".
Dianic Paganism
This is the worship of the roman lunar goddess Diana. In many cases this faith excludes the God, as having any power at all, or in some cases does not exist at all, and that the Goddess is only worshipped. Many people involved in this today are mostly women, more than not women’s rights activists and feminists. On the other hand Dianic witchcraft is followed by Romany gypsies and modern day travellers (not to be mistaken by new age travellers)
Gardarian Wicca or witchcraft
This path is based on Gerald Gardener’s practices and teachings, he was a British civil servant and from the 40s through to the 50s and joined a coven of witches based in the new forest in England, and tried to bring the old religion back to societry. He some what succeeded too, because much of what Neo-paganism is today comes from his study and teachings. He was the inventor of Wicca a modern religion, that has its roots based in the old religions, mostly the Celtic one.
Thelemic path
This path is based on the 2 grimoire books the 17th century ‘The lesser key of Solomon’ (A book to summon the Geotic demons of the many legions of the Egyptian underworld or Hell) and the key of Solomon. Both books are closely linked with the Jewish Kabbalah. This faith (although not the ancient Isis worship also a Pagan religion) was created by the occultist Aliester Crowley, a contraverial figure, but was a very talented occultist, his teachings live on today in the religion of Thelema and his pholosephys greatly influances the 60s and mucisians from them times. Most Pagans respect his work as a occultist, but frown upon the man, as he is seen by many as not the nicest of men. Some say he was a genius, and some say that he was an evil mad man, and some would say he was a little bit of both. Crowley wrote the book ‘The book of the law’ which is basically how Crowley saw the world as a society of control, and wrote the book on how the human race could become free from religious oppression. His basic idea was to be free from religious and social dogmas.
Alexandrian witchcraft
Again a path that uses witchcraft started by the man Alex Sanders. His form of paganism is based more in ritualistic and high magick type work. This type of witchcraft is seen more often than not in the united states.
Celtic paganism
(Similar to modern Gardarian Wicca or witchcraft) A strong pagan set of beliefs based on ancient Celtic Pagan beliefs. This type of worship is mostly seen in the UK, although its seen all around the world. This type of worship is strongly based on nature worship (although all the pagan ones are) but this holds the strong idea of a unity with nature spirits at the very front of its belief system. The Druids would come into the Celtic paganism section also. The Oak king, Green man, Herne the hunter and Cerunnos are all important nature Gods and spirits to the ancient Celts, and to today's Neo-pagans. The festival of Halloween origonally called Samhain, is looked upon as the Celtic new year.
Norse paganism
A Pagan path based around the beliefs of the northern countries of Europe, such as the Germanic tribal people, and countries such as Norway, Iceland, and Scandinavia. Much of these beliefs where shared by the Vikings and Nordic warrior cultures. Odinism is a common path in the Norse belief system.
Native American spirituality
This path for obvious reasons is seen more than not in America and Canada, similar to the aboriginal types of spirituality, its based on the worship of an earth mother or nature Goddess. Much of modern wisdom and ways of spirit communication is gained by the ancient native Americans understanding of their natural environments. The worship of animal spirits are a large part of this worship. Its taught that communication with the spirits of wise and cunning animals can bring spiritual wisdom to man, and to the tribes that practised this ancient earth religion, and that still do today.
Greek witchcraft
Not much different to Dianic witchcraft, but most of the time both the God and Goddess are worshipped as equal spiritual partners. Greek mythology is a symbolic historicic account of what the ancient Greeks believed in.
John Dee
He was quite a daring and fascinating man, as he was an open practitioner of the occult, yet was a fanatical Christian, in times you could quite easily be put to death for “sorcery“, although his befriending of royalty probably helped others be more tolerant of him and his necromancy experiments, although he was imprisoned for heresy and sorcery in 1555.
He studied at Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, at St Johns college, as did the later Occultist Aleister Crowley but at Trinity college Cambridge. Cambridge is famous for breeding occultists and secret magical societies. The Golden Dawn being one such example.
Above Dee and Kelley summoning the spirit of someone said to have gone to their grave keeping secret the whereabouts of valuable treasure.
Dee an Elizabethan scholar of all things metaphysical and alchemy, who travelled across Europe lecturing and was not shy of the taboo, such as the summoning of angels and other spirits. His beliefs were a strange concoction of Christianity and Hermetic Philosophy.
In 1553 he became astrologer to the queen, Mary Tudor, a strange thing to happen in such times of religious persecution, especially with the devoutly religions kings and queens of his times.
Soon after his release from prison he sort out a partner and soon found a known medium and Scryer Edward Kelley, they worked together for some time practicing necromancy and the summoning of spirits, before then apparently contacting through crystal gazing many "angels" they saw as Holy, one such was the well known angel Uriel, from which they were told the secret knowledge of heaven, from which Dee gained the information that later formed the Enochian language of the angels and information on Angelic magic, ritual and practice.
They later become suspicious of their contact with the angelic forces, wondering if they were in fact in contact with demonic forces, disguising themselves as angels of God, as many bad things befell them while in contact and fishing for spiritual information from the tedious drawn out scrying sessions that is said to at times make them both very ill .
Soon Dee and Kelley parted company, because of a feud about apparent wife swapping. Dee was said to be devastated by the loss of his partner Kelley, but the relationship was not to be rekindled.
Dee died in 1608 and Kelley in 1597, many magical workings and theologies were formed from Dee’s and Kelley’s work that still exist today.
THE PENTAGRAM (PENTACLE) AND ITS DIFFERENT MEANINGS
The Pentagram can mean different things to different people, its been used to represent good and evil in many religious societies in the worlds history. It goes back as far back as 3100-2900 BCE where it was found on potsherds in the location of Uruk, near to the mouth of the Gulf. It also can be seen in Babylon, 900 BCE. Its meaning to early Christians was that it represented the 5 wounds of Christ, and was a symbol of Jesus on the cross, just like the crucifix is today, but over time Christianity has changed it into a symbol of the devil, which seems to contradict history, as it predated the invention of Satan by 1000s of years. Christianity’s growing belief that the Pentagram represents Satan probably comes from its connection with the star Venus, the roman Goddess of love that would over a period of time do a Pentagram movement through out the celestial sky.
The Pentagram was also called the Druids foot, because its said that the ancient druids wore them on their feet, to represent them selves to the earth mother.
There are many Pentagrams on some of the oldest churches in the UK, this might be because of the Christians old belief in the Pentagram representing Christ, or it could have been that some of the newly converted Christians form Paganism where reluctant to walk away from their old Pagan ways completely. This could also explain why many churches and cathedrals where built on old pagan places of worship, where ley lines meet, and knew that Pagan places of worship were of huge energy points, so building a church on them would make sense to the Christians of them times, even thought they condemned Paganism, they where using a bit of mix and match.
Above the Baptistory of St. John
Christianity then demonized the five pointed star, because it was a Roman religious symbol, so it was against their lord Jesus Christ. Another way they might have looked at it is that it has five points, and each points spells out the name of the beast S.A.T.A.N, and also when the Pentagram is up side down it looks like the devil, with its horns and goatee beard. But some believe that the 5 points on the pentagram spell out J.E.S.U.S when its up the right way.
Above the Pentagram as Christians and Satanists now see it. Some would say that the inverted way is the earthly way, the way of the beast. To wear it up side down would mean the individual person, and that we are just another animal or beast, which is why many Satanists believe in individualism today. One of the 9 satanic rules (the 7th) is that man is just another animal, because to be an individual is to separate them selves from the flock, which would mean to leave the Judaic God's flock of a dogmatic society, proclaiming them self no longer a lamb of Christ, or to the Abrahamic God. It is Also looked upon as the symbol of Baphomet, that represents a balance of light and darkness (As above so Below).
Above how most Neo-Pagans see the Pentagram
The ancient connection with the Goddess of love Venus and the planet can be seen in ancient art. Which has also has been called by Christianity the morning star. In Revelations, Jesus referred to himself as the bright and morning star. And later the star also became the false light of Lucifer (the light bearer). It was seen very differently in the ancient Pagan Greek and Roman beliefs.
The pattern that Venus moves in the sky in conjunctions with the Sun forms a Pentagram which has probably motivated much of what is believed in the ancient world about the five pointed star.
Above you can see that the movements of Venus draw out the Pentagram in the sky.
Many political leaders have used the Pentagram as a symbol of power. For instance if you look at the shape, the points of a Pentagram make, you can see it makes a pentagon, the reason the USA have shaped their war operations as a pentagon.
Also the Pentagram is used on the American medal of honour.
Above the American medal of honour. Its also interesting to note that its used up side down when used for a war medal.
The pagans meaning to the Pentagram
The Pagan belief in the Pentagram is that its four points represent earth, air, fire, water. The top point representing spirit or the higher power, it also represents the minds eye. The figure of a person can be seen as the Pentagram, with its arms and legs out stretched, it represents the higher self of man, the mind and consciousness of man, or our natural divine self, its why many Pagans use magic and the Pentagram to perform his or hers magic(k) as they believe that the power of the divine is within us all, and is represented by the highest point on the Pentagram (our consciousness) its self the focal point of spiritual energy, followed by the hands that can be used to direct this spiritual energy’s into the physical world to cause change.
The pentagon in the centre and outside of a Pentagram represents the Solar plexus, which means the goddess’s womb, the giver of spiritual life, and also symbolises the woman’s womb from which all physical life comes from. The womb also means change to many pagans, its represented by the cauldron.
Invoking and banishing a Pentagram will be used in Pagan rituals. There is an invoking Pentagram that is drawn into the air to invoke something, or a banishing Pentagram that’s is drawn into the air to banish something.
The Pentagram is a representation of nature which can only exist if earth, air, fire, and water exist, its these elements of nature that represent the God and Goddess that causes nature to be. Two of the elements are female energies or Goddess energies, which are represented by an up side down triangle, which looks like a cup that represents water and the vaginal shape of a women’s reproductive organs, and the other two are male or God energies, which is represented by a triangle up the right way, that looks like the shape of a fire, which you can see in the above diagram. Earth and water are female, and fire and air are male.
The Pentagram also is an eternal pattern, like an endless knot meaning the eternal soul.
The Pentagram is symbolic that man and women are apart of all living things, and is apart of nature that a higher force created. The Pentagram in the occult if offten is a symbol of home (the earth) and of the higher powers that created the earth, universe and nature.
Lucifer Worship amd Luciferians
I am in no way religious, so Lucifer in any view is just a myth to me, or at the most symbolic of the metaphysical workings of life and the universe to some occult philosophies. But the myth and ideas that come with it are fascinating.
Most people when they hear someone worships Lucifer are disgusted, even some atheists would turn their nose up at people who worship Lucifer, who later became Satan a Judaic Cherubim angel who rebelled against God and was cast into the abyss with the clash of thunder and down into the earth to hell.
But Lucifer was for thousands of years before the creation of Israel and Judaism a Pagan idea, normally seen as the star that brought the sun, symbolised by the dragon, or serpent, which is why Christianity see Satan today as the serpent.
The Pagan sun God is the giver of their essential harvests, the creator, so its not hard to see why they worshipped the Sun/Serpent. Some Pagans saw the sun moving across the sky as a snake or dragon travelling across the heavens. The light of the sun was seen as the light of God, as the sun seemed to have power over life or death. The Pagans seem to give it the symbolic image of the serpent because snakes are seen to shed their skins, so fit into their belief in reincarnation and the eternal life. Also snakes are seen as wise animals, so Lucifer was seen as a God of wisdom in many cultures. The snake is also seen as a symbol of the eternal existence of life and rebirth, and If you look on Ancient Egyptian and other ancient drawings you can see this. A snakes with its tail in its mouth making a never-ending circle was common, sometimes snakes were seen wrapped around the sun disk. Snakes were also seen as images of wise medical knowledge and medicine (hence the snakes on the staffs in the logos on the sides of ambulances and hospitals today) So its not hard to understand how the Judaic "Satan" was connected to the ancient sun deities.
In Christianity Lucifer become known as Satan the fallen one, also known as "Son of the Morning" and seen as the Morning Star (Venus) that symbolically fell from the sky each morning that was inspired by the Roman understanding of the star/Goddess Venus......
"How you have fallen from heaven,
O morning star, son of the dawn!
You have been cast down to the earth,
you who once laid low the nations!" Isaiah 14:12:
What also confuses many today is that although Lucifer/Satan has been seen as the Morning star in the Bible, Jesus also refers to himself as the Morning Star.......
"I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright Morning Star."Revelation 22:16:
Are the above two bible quotes a mistake where the connection between the two has not been removed and overlooked?
Its important to understand how both Pagans and the Christians see evil to understand how they see the entity Lucifer. Christianity sees light and darkness, good and evil as black and white, and that there is either good or evil. Pagans saw both good and evil as existing but saw the two as brothers and just two sides of the same coin as nature can be both cruel and kind.
The Pagans worshiped the Sun in most cultures, but soon the Judaic Christians wanted to convert the Pagans, so along came the messiah Yahshua (Jesus) and changed it to the worship of the ‘Son’ and the one creator. Jesus was often seen as the strong Lion with its long golden mane, (like the mane of light around the shining sun) and today Jesus is still seen with long blonde hair even though he was Jewish. Also look at pictures of Jesus in many old art work and in churches, he always has a orange yellow/gold halo like sun disk behind his head.
This connection can be seen with countless examples. The Sun was worshiped with the image of a circle with a cross in the middle showing the Pagans nature wheel of the year with all 8 Pagan festivals with the 4 main ones making up the cross points, also seen in the Christian Celtic cross today at many churches. At the top of the Pagan wheel of the year is Yule, made into Christmas by the Christians. Pagans celebrated Yule on December 21st as the rebirth of the Sun. The Christians now celebrate it as the birth of their Son on the 25th December. Just an odd coincidence?
Christians often assume that Pagans worship nature it self, when in fact they saw nature as a mirror image of the creator(s) which is why Judaic peoples formed a monotheistic belief system to stop Pagans from believing in many Gods to get control of their public. Even though many Pagans saw one source as the creator, but a creator that had many different aspects or faces if you like, that was the one collective make up of nature and life. Christianity did not like what they saw as people worshiping nature instead of their idea of the creator. Most Pagans did and still do worship a creator force, just through nature.
But the idea of Lucifer and fallen Pagan Gods who fell from the Christian heaven and into the rulers of evil, and then confined to the Christian hell will always be connected.
Lucifer In Modern Culture
The 1972 movie Lucifer Rising by Kenneth Anger was greatly influenced by musicians like Led Zeppelin, The Rolling Stones amongst others, all who had deep interests in the Occult. Its said the more you watch it, the more it will make sense to you, and hidden meanings will pop out at you.
I don’t necessarily believe this myself, but I do find the idea interesting.
Its main principle is about the rising of the "A new Occult age" an apparent age/eon of enlightenment that started in the 1960s with the hippy moment. Its an age where dogmatic and old fashioned religious conservatism is over, and the new age of mental and spiritual freedom will now reign. The Abrahamic religions are said to be dieing, and the old Sun Worshiping beliefs are edging their way back into society, and people are remembering their long lost spiritual consciousness from the past.
In many cultures the sun was worshiped as the light or knowledge and wisdom of God. Some called the morning star or planet Venus "Lucifer" which is Latin for "Light Bringer/Bearer" so it was believed that it was "Lucifer" (the star) that brought forth the light of the Sun/God so important to life. The morning star is always seen at dawn, just before the sun rises. So it was thought that Lucifer was the bringer of light, or bringer of enlightenment and spiritual wisdom.
This ‘new Occult age’ is where the wisdom of Lucifer is on the rise again in which people are supposed to be remembering the magical things once forgotten because of the oppressive Abrahamic faiths who repressed this knowledge, and even demonised Lucifer as a "Fallen Angel" to keep people ignorant to the truth.
A New Dawn?
The age is commonly seen and known as “The Age of Aquarius” however most Christians might see it more as an evil time, and have associated it with their “End Times” where humanity is apparently near to total destruction, but many would just see it as Christianities end times, as more and more people are moving away from Christianity because of its dogma and “bigotry, hypocrisy and contradictions” that no longer work in a modern world, and that it is Christianity itself that is nearing its end.
And as symbolically the light rises over humanity, so does man and women’s remembrance of old forgotten beliefs and ways. Wiping away dogma, the fear of God, and ignorance, bringing about peace finally to humanity.
Lucifer rising represents mankind’s reawakened spiritual and physical freedom, influenced by people like Aleister Crowley, Albert Hofmann and Timothy Leary ect.
Whether you wish to believe this is a whole other matter entirely, but its the basis to the meaning of the movie Lucifer Rising.
THE MAGICAL MOON
The moons phases are very important when it comes to paranormal activity and ritual work.
The pagan understandings of the full moon and supernatural energies are that different phases of its cycle matter effect things differently, so paranormal investigations are best done on a full moon or as close to it as possible.
The phases of the moon are symbolically arranged to better understand the triple goddess (maiden/New, mother/Waxing Crone/Dark)
The full moon is at its most effective, because she is at her most powerful on a full moon, because her light is strongest on a full moon, she (the moon) is in its prime, because she is no longer young, or not yet old (the Crone). When a moon is waxing she is becoming more and more powerful which is why paranormal events become more and more common the more she waxes, and when the moon is waning her energy is pulled further and further away, therefor paranormal activity decreases in the waning stage.
On the dark of a moon (or her death) there is little or no chance of paranormal activity because she is in the death stage phase, and her light or life has died out, but at the dark moon or crone stage the Goddess is considered at her most wise, and takes all that she has learned over to the other world on the dark of the moon. Its only at the new moon that she is reborn and will start a fresh the waxing process again as the young maiden. This is also a representation of reincarnation.
This is all symbolic to Pagans so that they can understand the life phase of each lunar month, so that they can understand the nature of the Goddess, so that they can arrange their magical rituals, so that they will be as affective as possible. As an example of this, if someone is doing a ritual to banish a bad habit, or to get rid of un-welcome negative energies, they will do this type of ritual obviously on a waning moon, and if they want to do a ritual to gain something or attract positive energies they will obviously do the ritual on the waxing of a moon, but the best time for most magick would be on a full moon, as all is aligned and equal. On the dark of the moon, magick would be a waist of time (although some pagans differ on that) Some believe that the dark of the moon would be the best time to perform curses.
The Goddess is at her closest on a full moon, so that Goddess energy is going to help spirits manifest them selves and to effect the living world.
The moons power can be felt by some sensitives, it can also cause confusion in some people, and even cause them to do things they might not normally do. Insane people also are said to act up on a full moon (hence the word luna-tic) its power can effect us in many ways, sometimes positive, and sometimes negative, but whatever its effect its closely associated with the paranormal and occult.
Next time there is a full moon, and its a clear sky go out and look at the moonlight on the ground, and concentrate on it, it seems to be alive at times, and you can see it moving over the fields as if its rippling, almost like a water effect, or a sea of moonlight.
The moon affects the waters on earth, such as the tides of the seas, it also affects our brains, as the brain is made up of mostly water. It also affects the electric currents that pass through our brains, that can cause us to become more sensitive to the supernatural.
The moon is also associated with fertility because of the 12-13 full moons of the year, and also the women’s monthly creation of a egg in the womb, which would also connect the moon with the Goddess of fertility.
There is what some see as a mental illness called Lycanthropy, in which people on a full moon have delusions that they are turning into a werewolf and in some cases other animals.
Science seems baffled as to why this condition only seems to happen on a full moon, but many in the occult believe it is because the moons force is doing things to the brain that is not normally used, that causes some form of spiritual transfiguration. Legend even goes as far to suggest that people really do change into wolves on a full moon.
The word "lunatic" probably comes from people acting crazy or different on a full moon, the moon being lunar, lunatic seems to make sense.
FROM MAN TO BEAST
The man into beast myth probably comes from ancient pagans dressing up as animals in their furs and horns to hunt wild game for food, they would put the skin of a stag on and its horns and crawl about so they could get close to other deer in order to catch them, so the deer would not be so suspicious of the hunters.
Ancient pagans and some even today would perform rituals, most of the time on the full moon, and dress up in wolves furs and howl at the moon and act in other animal type ways. The native Americans also did similar things. They would do this in meditative trances. It was said that the spirits of the wolves and sometimes other animals would enter the bodies of the people doing the rituals and the men and women could learn from their animal skills of hunting. To Pagans then and today animals are seen as very magical and mystical or as "Totems" and that we can learn a lot from them spiritually and physically.
Remember Pagans in them times would see man as just another animal, so the transformation from man to beast would not be as far fetched as it might seem to us.
Early Christians probably saw these rituals taking place in the forests and woods which is where the myth comes from of man turning into wolves. They saw it was done on a full moon, so also associated man turning in to animals with the full moon. Whether the ancient pagans could actually allow the souls of animals into their bodies is open to debate, but it is true that the ancients where much more spiritually advanced than us modern people, neo-pagans included. Much of the ancients amazing knowledge was destroyed over the centuries by the rise in Christianity that tried to wipe out the old religion, because they considered it devil worship. Modern pagans today are trying their best to put back together a way of life that has been shattered by the fundamentalist religious folk.
The belief in Werewolves just a few hundreds of years ago was very popular in the more Nordic northerly countries of Europe, it probably came from the Viking myths about the Nordic curse about the berserker legends (which is where the word going berserk comes from) where Vikings would dress in animal skins before battle and act in terrifying rages, which is why the Vikings where so feared, because they had the fearless rage of a crazed animal before going into battle. Again it was believed that the Vikings would become possessed by the spirits of ferocious animals in order to fight aggressively.
By Barry Stevens (Faeden)
